IP Tools by

Your IP Address

How IP Detection Works

Your IP is detected server-side by PHP. The address shown is what your internet provider assigns to your connection.

  • Public IP – Visible on the internet, assigned by your ISP.
  • Private IP – Only reachable within your local network (RFC 1918).
  • IPv4-mapped IPv6 – Server accepted IPv4 over an IPv6 socket (e.g. ::ffff:192.168.1.1).
  • Proxy headersX-Forwarded-For / X-Real-IP are set by load balancers or CDNs (e.g. Cloudflare) and may reveal your original IP.

IPv4 Subnet Calculator

Quick:

How Subnetting Works

A subnet divides an IP network into smaller parts. The CIDR prefix (e.g. /24) tells you how many bits are used for the network — the rest are host bits.

  • Network address – First address of the subnet (all host bits = 0).
  • Broadcast address – Last address (all host bits = 1). Frames go to all hosts.
  • Subnet mask – All network bits = 1 (e.g. /24255.255.255.0).
  • Wildcard mask – Inverse of the subnet mask. Used in ACLs and routing.
  • Usable hosts – All addresses minus network and broadcast = 2ⁿ − 2.

IP Address Converter

Examples:

IP Address Formats

IPv4 representations
  • Dotted decimal192.168.1.1
  • Hexadecimal0xC0A80101
  • Decimal integer3232235777
  • Binary – 32 bits in 4 octets
  • IPv4-mapped IPv6::ffff:192.168.1.1 (RFC 4291)
  • 6to42002:c0a8:0101::/48 (RFC 3056)
IPv6 representations
  • Full (expanded) – all 8 groups, 4 hex each
  • Compressed – leading zeros and :: omitted
  • Loopback::1
  • IPv4-mapped::ffff:x.x.x.x
  • Decimal integer – 128-bit number

IPv6 ULA Generator

What is an IPv6 ULA?

Unique Local Addresses (ULA) are IPv6 addresses for use within private networks — the IPv6 equivalent of RFC 1918 private addresses (10.x.x.x, 192.168.x.x).

ULAs use the fd00::/8 prefix. The 40-bit Global ID is randomly generated to be statistically unique worldwide, so two networks can be merged without address conflicts — a big advantage over IPv4 private ranges.

RFC 4193 defines ULA. The usable prefix is fd00::/8 (the fc00::/8 half is reserved for future central allocation).

Generate a New ULA Prefix

ULA Structure & Usage Tips

Address structure (128 bits total)
BitsFieldValue
7Prefix1111110
1L-bit1 (locally assigned)
40Global IDRandom (crypto)
16Subnet IDYour choice (0–65535)
64Interface IDEUI-64 or random
When to use ULA
  • Internal services that should never be reachable from the internet
  • Lab or test environments
  • Stable addresses independent of ISP assignment
  • Merging two IPv6 networks (random Global IDs avoid conflicts)
EUI-64 Interface ID

Derived from the MAC address: insert FF:FE in the middle of the 48-bit MAC and flip bit 7. Example: 00:1A:2B:3C:4D:5E021a:2bff:fe3c:4d5e.

IP Range Calculator

Range → CIDRs

Enter a start and end IP address to get the minimal list of CIDR blocks that exactly cover the range.

Quick:

CIDR → Range

Enter a CIDR block to see the full address range it covers including start, end, and host count.

Quick:

About Range ↔ CIDR Conversion

Range → CIDRs (Supernetting)

Any arbitrary IP range can be expressed as a minimal set of CIDR blocks. The algorithm finds the largest aligned block that fits at the current start address, subtracts it, and repeats. A non-power-of-2 range will always require multiple CIDRs.

CIDR → Range

A CIDR block defines an exact power-of-2 range. A /24 always covers exactly 256 addresses. The network address is the first (all host bits = 0) and the broadcast is the last (all host bits = 1). Usable hosts = total − 2 (for /25 to /30).

IP Address Reference

IPv4 Special Address Ranges

Range CIDR Hosts Type RFC
10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.25510.0.0.0/816,777,214Private (Class A)1918
172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255172.16.0.0/121,048,574Private (Class B)1918
192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255192.168.0.0/1665,534Private (Class C)1918
127.0.0.0 – 127.255.255.255127.0.0.0/8Loopback5735
169.254.0.0 – 169.254.255.255169.254.0.0/1665,024Link-local (APIPA)3927
100.64.0.0 – 100.127.255.255100.64.0.0/104,194,302Shared / CGN6598
192.0.0.0 – 192.0.0.255192.0.0.0/24IETF Protocol6890
192.0.2.0 – 192.0.2.255192.0.2.0/24Documentation (TEST-NET-1)5737
198.51.100.0 – 198.51.100.255198.51.100.0/24Documentation (TEST-NET-2)5737
203.0.113.0 – 203.0.113.255203.0.113.0/24Documentation (TEST-NET-3)5737
224.0.0.0 – 239.255.255.255224.0.0.0/4Multicast5771
240.0.0.0 – 255.255.255.254240.0.0.0/4Reserved1112
255.255.255.255255.255.255.255/32Broadcast919
0.0.0.0 – 0.255.255.2550.0.0.0/8This network1122

IPv6 Special Address Ranges

Prefix Description RFC
::1/128Loopback Equivalent to 127.0.0.14291
::/128Unspecified Equivalent to 0.0.0.04291
::ffff:0:0/96IPv4-mapped Embed IPv4 in IPv64291
64:ff9b::/96IPv4/IPv6 Translation NAT646052
fc00::/7ULA Unique Local (private), usable: fd00::/84193
fe80::/10Link-local Not routed, only on local segment4291
ff00::/8Multicast Replaced IPv4 broadcast4291
2000::/3Global Unicast Publicly routable addresses4291
2001:db8::/32Documentation For examples (like 192.0.2.0/24)3849
2002::/166to4 Automatic IPv4-compatible tunneling3056
100::/64Discard-Only Black hole routing6666

IPv4 Classful Network Classes

ClassRangeDefault MaskNetworksHosts/NetUse
A1.0.0.0 – 126.255.255.255/812616,777,214Large networks
B128.0.0.0 – 191.255.255.255/1616,38265,534Medium networks
C192.0.0.0 – 223.255.255.255/242,097,150254Small networks
D224.0.0.0 – 239.255.255.255Multicast
E240.0.0.0 – 255.255.255.255Reserved / Experimental

IPv4 CIDR Quick Reference

CIDR Subnet Mask Hosts Subnets of /24 Notes

Key Concepts

IPv4 vs IPv6

IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses (≈4.3 billion). IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses (≈340 undecillion) to solve IPv4 exhaustion. IPv6 has no broadcast — multicast replaces it.

CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing)

Replaced classful networking. A /24 means 24 bits for the network, 8 for hosts. CIDR enables efficient IP allocation and route aggregation (supernetting).

NAT (Network Address Translation)

Allows multiple devices with private IPs to share one public IP. Common in home routers. IPv6 makes NAT unnecessary — every device can have a globally unique address.

Subnet Mask vs Wildcard Mask

Subnet mask: 1s mark network bits (255.255.255.0). Wildcard: 0s mark network bits (0.0.0.255). Wildcards are used in Cisco ACLs and OSPF.

VLSM (Variable Length Subnet Masking)

Lets you use different subnet sizes within the same network. E.g. a /30 for point-to-point links (2 hosts) and a /24 for offices (254 hosts).

IPv6 Prefix Delegation (PD)

ISPs assign a /48 or /56 to customers. The customer splits it into /64 subnets — one per LAN segment. Each /64 supports 2⁶⁴ addresses.